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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Non-linear effects ： ウィキペディア英語版 Non-linear effects In ideal enantioselective catalysis, stereoselection is described by a linear relationship between the enantiomeric excess of the product and the enantiomeric excess of the chiral catalyst.〔J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 119, No. 52, 1997 2. Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP, Vol. 62 (2007)〕 This can be expressed mathematically, as shown in Equation 1. Stereoselection that is higher or lower than the enantiomeric excess of the catalyst is considered non-ideal behavior. In non-ideal behavior, this deviation from linearity is described as the non-linear effect, NLE.〔 :$ee\_=ee\_ee\_$ For an ideal asymmetric reaction, the eeproduct may be described as the product of eemax multiplied by the eecatalyst. ''This is not the case for reactions exhibiting NLE's.''〔Girard, C.; Kagan, H.; ''Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.'' 1998, 37, 2922〕 Non-linear effects often arise in reactions with a scalemic catalyst composition.〔 As first observed by Wynberg and Feringa in 1976, different enantiomers of the chiral catalysts form heterochiral complexes, more specifically high order aggregates or dimeric forms of the catalyst.〔Wynberg, H.; Feringa, B.; ''Tetrahedron'', 1976, ''32'', 2831-2834〕 These heterochiral complexes influence the effective stereoinduction of a scalemic catalyst. Additional sources of non-linear effects include autocatalysis, the process in which the reaction catalyzes itself.〔Blackmond, D.; ''PNAS'', 2004, 101, 5732-5736〕 General definitions and mathematical models are key to understanding non-linear effects and their application to specific chemical reactions. In the past two decades, the study of non-linear effects has shown to elucidate reaction mechanism and guide in synthetic applications. ==Types of non-linear effects== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Non-linear effects」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.